The article analyzes the implementation of the main directions of the Bologna process in Russia. It evaluates the correspondence between the points awarded by the Monitoring Group for the Russian National Reports in 2007 and 2009, on the one hand, and the level of achievements according to the specific indicators of the Special Federal Program of Education Development in 2006–2010, on the other hand. The author provides data that shed light on the dynamics of participation of Russian universities in the Bologna process, and considers measures taken by other participating countries to implement the postulates of the Bologna declaration and of consequent communiques. For each of the directions, an attempt is made to determine the key obstacles to the introduction of the Bologna process tools in Russia.